Dunning Lab

People Research Publications Courses Links Contact Home	Publications Journal Articles Dunning, D., Johnson, K., Ehrlinger, J., & Kruger, J. (in press). Why people fail to recognize their own incompetence. Current Directions in Psychological Science. Van Boven, L., Loewenstein, G., & Dunning, D. (in press). Biased predictions of others' tastes: Underestimation of owners' selling prices by "buyer's agents." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. Ehrlinger, J., & Dunning, D. (2003). How chronic self-views influence (and potentially mislead) assessments of performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 5-17. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D., & Perretta, S. F. (2002). Automaticity and eyewitness accuracy: A 10- to 12-second rule for distinguishing accurate from erroneous positive identifications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 951-962. [Abstract] [PDF] Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (2002). Unskilled and unaware--But why? A reply to Krueger and Mueller. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 189-192. [Abstract] [PDF] McElwee, R. O., Dunning, D., Tan, P. L., & Hollmann, S. (2001). Evaluating others: The role of who we are versus what we think traits mean. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 123-136. *Dunning, D., & Beauregard, K. S. (2000). Regulating impressions of others to affirm images of the self. Social Cognition, 18,* 198-222.** Epley, N., & Dunning, D. (2000). Feeling "holier than thou": Are self-serving assessments produced by errors in self or social prediction? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 861-875. [Abstract] [PDF] Van Boven, L., Dunning, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2000). Egocentric empathy gaps between owners and buyers: Misperceptions of the endowment effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 66-76. [Abstract] [PDF] Kruger, J. M., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing oneÕs own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121-1134. [Abstract] [PDF] Beauregard, K. S., & Dunning, D. (1998). Turning up the contrast: Self-enhancement motives prompt egocentric contrast effects in social judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 606-621. [Abstract] [PDF] Story, A. L., & Dunning, D. (1998). The more rational side of self-serving prototypes: The effects of success and failure performance feedback. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 513-529. *Dunning, D., & Sherman, D. A. (1997). Stereotypes and tacit inference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 459-471. [Abstract] [PDF]* Hayes, A. F., & Dunning, D. (1997). Construal processes and trait ambiguity: Implications for self-peer agreement in personality judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 664-677. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D., & Hayes, A. F. (1996). Evidence for egocentric comparison in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 213-229. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D. (1995). Trait importance and modifiability as factors influencing self-assessment and self-enhancement motives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1297-1306. Dunning, D., Leuenberger, A., & Sherman, D. A. (1995). A new look at motivated inference: Are self-serving theories of success a product of motivational forces? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 58-68. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D., & McElwee, R. O. (1995). Idiosyncratic trait definitions: Implications for self-description and social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 936-946. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D., & Stern, L. B. (1994). Distinguishing accurate from inaccurate eyewitness identifications via inquiries about decision processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 818-835. [Abstract] [PDF] Ross, D. F., Ceci, S. J., Dunning, D., & Toglia, M. P. (1994). Unconscious transference and mistaken identity: When a witness misidentifies a familiar but innocent person. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 918-930. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D., & Cohen, G. L. (1992). Egocentric definitions of traits and abilities in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 341-355. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D., & Stern, L. B. (1992). Examining the generality of eyewitness hypermnesia: A close look at time delay and question type. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 6, 643-658. Dunning, D., Perie, M., & Story, A. L. (1991). Self-serving prototypes of social categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 957-968. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D., & Story, A. L. (1991). Depression, realism, and the overconfidence effect: Are the sadder wiser when predicting future actions and events? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 521-532. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D., Griffin, D. W., Milojkovic, J. H., & Ross, L. (1990). The overconfidence effect in social prediction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 568-592. [Abstract] [PDF] Griffin, D. W., Dunning, D., & Ross, L. (1990). The role of construal processes in overconfident predictions about the self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1128-1139. [Abstract] [PDF] Ross, D. F., Dunning, D., Toglia, M. P., & Ceci, S. J. (1990). The child in the eyes of the jury: Assessing mock jurors' perceptions of the child witness. Law and Human Behavior, 14, 5-24. Dunning, D., Meyerowitz, J. A., & Holzberg, A. D. (1989). Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1082-1090. [Abstract] [PDF] *Reprinted in T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman, Judgment under uncertainty II: Extensions and applications.* New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.]** Dunning, D., & Parpal, M. (1989). Mental addition versus subtraction in counterfactual reasoning: On assessing the impact of personal actions and life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 5-15. [Abstract] [PDF] Book Chapters, Commentaries, Reviews *Dunning, D. (in press). Plunging into the self. (Review of Psychological dimensions of the self by A. Buss). Contemporary Psychology: The APA Journal of Books.* *Dunning, D. (2002). The relation of self to social perception. In M. Leary and J. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity* (pp. 421-441). New York: Guilford.** Dunning, D. (2002). The zealous self-affirmer: How and why the self lurks so pervasively behind social judgment. In S. Fein & S. Spencer (Eds.) Motivated social perception: The Ontario symposium (vol. 9, pp. 45-72), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Beauregard, K. S., & Dunning, D. (2001). Defining self worth: Trait self-esteem moderates the use of self-serving trait definitions in social judgment. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 135-162. (Special Issue on Self-Motives and Social Perception). Dunning, D., Van Boven, L., Loewenstein, G. (2001). Egocentric empathy gaps in social interaction and exchange. In S. Thye, E. J. Lawler, M. Macy, & H. Walker (Eds.), Advances in Group Processes (vol. 18; pp 65-97), Stamford, CT: JAI. Dunning, D. (2001). On the motives underlying social cognition. In N. Schwarz & A. Tesser (Eds.) Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Volume 1: Intraindividual processes (pp. 348-374). New York: Blackwell. Dunning, D. (2001). What is the word on self-motives and social perception: Introduction to the special issue. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 1-6. (Special Issue on Self-Motives and Social Perception). Dunning, D. (2000). Social judgment as implicit social comparison. In J. Suls & L. Wheeler (Eds), Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research (pp. 353-378). New York: Plenum. Dunning, D. (1999). A newer look: Motivated social cognition and the schematic representation of social concepts. Psychological Inquiry, 10, 1-11. Dunning, D. (1999). On the social psychology of hearsay evidence. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 5, 473-484. [Abstract] [PDF] Dunning, D. (1999). Postcards from the edge: Notes on social psychology, the story so far. (Review of The handbook of social psychology, vols. 1 and 2. [4th edition]). Contemporary Psychology: The APA Journal of Books, 44, 6-8. *Dunning, D., Kunda, Z., Murray, S. L. (1999). What the commentators motivated us to think about. Psychological Inquiry, 10, 79-82.* Dunning, D., & Madey, S. F. (1995). Comparison processes in counterfactual reasoning. In N. Roese & J. Olson (Eds.), What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking (pp. 103-132). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Ross, D. F., Ceci, S. J., Dunning, D., & Toglia, M. P. (1994). Unconscious transference and lineup identification: Toward a memory blending approach. In D. Ross, J. D. Read, & M. P. Toglia (Eds.) Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and developments (pp. 80-100). New York: Cambridge University Press. Stern, L. B., & Dunning, D. (1994). Distinguishing accurate from inaccurate eyewitness identifications: A reality monitoring approach. In D. Ross, J. D. Read, & M. P. Toglia (Eds.) Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and developments (pp. 273-299). New York: Cambridge University Press. *Toglia, M. P., Ross, D. F., Dunning, D., & Ceci, S. J. (1994, Spring). JurorsÕ perceptions of child witnesses: A reply to Sonner. Prosecutors Perspective, 11.* Dunning, D. (1993). Words to live by: The self and definitions of social concepts and categories. In J. Suls (Ed.) Psychological perspectives on the self (vol. 4, pp. 99-126). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Dunning, D. (1989). Research on children's eyewitness testimony: Perspectives on its past and future. In S. J. Ceci, D. F. Ross, & M. P. Toglia (eds.) New directions in child witness research. (pp. 230-247). New York: Springer-Verlag. Ross, D. F., Dunning, D., Toglia, M. P., & Ceci, S. J. (1989). Age stereotypes, communication modality, and mock juror perceptions of the child witness. In S. J. Ceci, D. F. Ross, & M. P. Toglia (eds.) New directions in child witness research. (pp. 37-56). New York: Springer-Verlag.

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Journal Articles

Dunning, D., Johnson, K., Ehrlinger, J., & Kruger, J. (in press). Why people fail to recognize their own incompetence. Current Directions in Psychological Science.

Van Boven, L., Loewenstein, G., & Dunning, D. (in press). Biased predictions of others' tastes: Underestimation of owners' selling prices by "buyer's agents." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization.

Ehrlinger, J., & Dunning, D. (2003). How chronic self-views influence (and potentially mislead) assessments of performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 5-17. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D., & Perretta, S. F. (2002). Automaticity and eyewitness accuracy: A 10- to 12-second rule for distinguishing accurate from erroneous positive identifications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 951-962. [Abstract] [PDF]

Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (2002). Unskilled and unaware--But why? A reply to Krueger and Mueller. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 189-192. [Abstract] [PDF]

McElwee, R. O., Dunning, D., Tan, P. L., & Hollmann, S. (2001). Evaluating others: The role of who we are versus what we think traits mean. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 123-136.

Dunning, D., & Beauregard, K. S. (2000). Regulating impressions of others to affirm images of the self. Social Cognition, 18, 198-222.

Epley, N., & Dunning, D. (2000). Feeling "holier than thou": Are self-serving assessments produced by errors in self or social prediction? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 861-875. [Abstract] [PDF]

Van Boven, L., Dunning, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2000). Egocentric empathy gaps between owners and buyers: Misperceptions of the endowment effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 66-76. [Abstract] [PDF]

Kruger, J. M., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing oneÕs own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121-1134. [Abstract] [PDF]

Beauregard, K. S., & Dunning, D. (1998). Turning up the contrast: Self-enhancement motives prompt egocentric contrast effects in social judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 606-621. [Abstract] [PDF]

Story, A. L., & Dunning, D. (1998). The more rational side of self-serving prototypes: The effects of success and failure performance feedback. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 513-529.

Dunning, D., & Sherman, D. A. (1997). Stereotypes and tacit inference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 459-471. [Abstract] [PDF]

Hayes, A. F., & Dunning, D. (1997). Construal processes and trait ambiguity: Implications for self-peer agreement in personality judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 664-677. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D., & Hayes, A. F. (1996). Evidence for egocentric comparison in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 213-229. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D. (1995). Trait importance and modifiability as factors influencing self-assessment and self-enhancement motives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1297-1306.

Dunning, D., Leuenberger, A., & Sherman, D. A. (1995). A new look at motivated inference: Are self-serving theories of success a product of motivational forces? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 58-68. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D., & McElwee, R. O. (1995). Idiosyncratic trait definitions: Implications for self-description and social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 936-946. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D., & Stern, L. B. (1994). Distinguishing accurate from inaccurate eyewitness identifications via inquiries about decision processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 818-835. [Abstract] [PDF]

Ross, D. F., Ceci, S. J., Dunning, D., & Toglia, M. P. (1994). Unconscious transference and mistaken identity: When a witness misidentifies a familiar but innocent person. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 918-930. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D., & Cohen, G. L. (1992). Egocentric definitions of traits and abilities in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 341-355. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D., & Stern, L. B. (1992). Examining the generality of eyewitness hypermnesia: A close look at time delay and question type. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 6, 643-658.

Dunning, D., Perie, M., & Story, A. L. (1991). Self-serving prototypes of social categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 957-968. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D., & Story, A. L. (1991). Depression, realism, and the overconfidence effect: Are the sadder wiser when predicting future actions and events? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 521-532. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D., Griffin, D. W., Milojkovic, J. H., & Ross, L. (1990). The overconfidence effect in social prediction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 568-592. [Abstract] [PDF]

Griffin, D. W., Dunning, D., & Ross, L. (1990). The role of construal processes in overconfident predictions about the self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1128-1139. [Abstract] [PDF]

Ross, D. F., Dunning, D., Toglia, M. P., & Ceci, S. J. (1990). The child in the eyes of the jury: Assessing mock jurors' perceptions of the child witness. Law and Human Behavior, 14, 5-24.

Dunning, D., Meyerowitz, J. A., & Holzberg, A. D. (1989). Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1082-1090. [Abstract] [PDF]

Reprinted in T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman, Judgment under uncertainty II: Extensions and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.]

Dunning, D., & Parpal, M. (1989). Mental addition versus subtraction in counterfactual reasoning: On assessing the impact of personal actions and life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 5-15. [Abstract] [PDF]

Book Chapters, Commentaries, Reviews

Dunning, D. (in press). Plunging into the self. (Review of Psychological dimensions of the self by A. Buss). Contemporary Psychology: The APA Journal of Books.

Dunning, D. (2002). The relation of self to social perception. In M. Leary and J. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity (pp. 421-441). New York: Guilford.

Dunning, D. (2002). The zealous self-affirmer: How and why the self lurks so pervasively behind social judgment. In S. Fein & S. Spencer (Eds.) Motivated social perception: The Ontario symposium (vol. 9, pp. 45-72), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Beauregard, K. S., & Dunning, D. (2001). Defining self worth: Trait self-esteem moderates the use of self-serving trait definitions in social judgment. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 135-162. (Special Issue on Self-Motives and Social Perception).

Dunning, D., Van Boven, L., Loewenstein, G. (2001). Egocentric empathy gaps in social interaction and exchange. In S. Thye, E. J. Lawler, M. Macy, & H. Walker (Eds.), Advances in Group Processes (vol. 18; pp 65-97), Stamford, CT: JAI.

Dunning, D. (2001). On the motives underlying social cognition. In N. Schwarz & A. Tesser (Eds.) Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Volume 1: Intraindividual processes (pp. 348-374). New York: Blackwell.

Dunning, D. (2001). What is the word on self-motives and social perception: Introduction to the special issue. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 1-6. (Special Issue on Self-Motives and Social Perception).

Dunning, D. (2000). Social judgment as implicit social comparison. In J. Suls & L. Wheeler (Eds), Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research (pp. 353-378). New York: Plenum.

Dunning, D. (1999). A newer look: Motivated social cognition and the schematic representation of social concepts. Psychological Inquiry, 10, 1-11.

Dunning, D. (1999). On the social psychology of hearsay evidence. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 5, 473-484. [Abstract] [PDF]

Dunning, D. (1999). Postcards from the edge: Notes on social psychology, the story so far. (Review of The handbook of social psychology, vols. 1 and 2. [4th edition]). Contemporary Psychology: The APA Journal of Books, 44, 6-8.

Dunning, D., Kunda, Z., Murray, S. L. (1999). What the commentators motivated us to think about. Psychological Inquiry, 10, 79-82.

Dunning, D., & Madey, S. F. (1995). Comparison processes in counterfactual reasoning. In N. Roese & J. Olson (Eds.), What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking (pp. 103-132). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Ross, D. F., Ceci, S. J., Dunning, D., & Toglia, M. P. (1994). Unconscious transference and lineup identification: Toward a memory blending approach. In D. Ross, J. D. Read, & M. P. Toglia (Eds.) Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and developments (pp. 80-100). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Stern, L. B., & Dunning, D. (1994). Distinguishing accurate from inaccurate eyewitness identifications: A reality monitoring approach. In D. Ross, J. D. Read, & M. P. Toglia (Eds.) Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and developments (pp. 273-299). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Toglia, M. P., Ross, D. F., Dunning, D., & Ceci, S. J. (1994, Spring). JurorsÕ perceptions of child witnesses: A reply to Sonner. Prosecutors Perspective, 11.

Dunning, D. (1993). Words to live by: The self and definitions of social concepts and categories. In J. Suls (Ed.) Psychological perspectives on the self (vol. 4, pp. 99-126). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Dunning, D. (1989). Research on children's eyewitness testimony: Perspectives on its past and future. In S. J. Ceci, D. F. Ross, & M. P. Toglia (eds.) New directions in child witness research. (pp. 230-247). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Ross, D. F., Dunning, D., Toglia, M. P., & Ceci, S. J. (1989). Age stereotypes, communication modality, and mock juror perceptions of the child witness. In S. J. Ceci, D. F. Ross, & M. P. Toglia (eds.) New directions in child witness research. (pp. 37-56). New York: Springer-Verlag.